Audio

Convolutional subsampling

Strided convolutions shrink the audio sequence (often 4–8×) before the expensive transformer layers run.

Spectrogram frames arrive at ~100 per second - far denser than needed. A small stack of strided convolutions downsamples time resolution several-fold and lifts features into the model width, cutting transformer cost quadratically. Practically every ASR encoder (Conformer, Whisper, Parakeet) starts this way.

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